What are the components of the DC motor

Each DC motor contains two separate terminals with a magnetization center between them. There are two main parts, the stator and the rotor. The stator contains components such as brushes, magnets, and housing for the entire motor. The rotor contains windings, a communicator and an output shaft. The two parts work together when voltage is applied to create the moving motor.
DC motors work in both directions. A DC motor that generates electricity by consuming mechanical energy is a generator. A DC motor that consumes electrical power to generate mechanical energy is an electric motor. The same basic DC machine can be either a motor or a generator.
The basic components of a DC motor
DC motors use or generate electrical energy. It does this by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy and vice versa. A DC motor consists of two basic parts, one stationary and one moving, called the magnetic field and the armature. An important example of a DC motor is a copper coil that rotates on its own axis between two magnets. A practical DC motor also needs a commutator, electric play, poles, and bearings.
1—Field (pole)
2—armature
3—Commutator
4- Yoke and Bearing
5—Carbon brushes for DC motors
1. Excitation winding of DC motor
The magnetic field is the stationary part of a DC motor. Magnetic fields are usually made up of magnetic poles. In the example above, the copper coil rotates on its own axis between two magnets that create a magnetic field, and the conductor, the armature, must move within it to generate an electric charge.
The function of the magnetic field system is to generate a uniform magnetic field in which the armature rotates.
2. Armature winding
The armature is the moving part of the DC motor. It moves in the field and completes the electromechanical energy conversion of the DC motor. In the above example, the copper coil is the armature, which rotates in a magnetic field.

3. Commutator
The rotating armature and its electric drama create an alternating electromagnetic field (EMF) that disrupts the operation of a DC motor. The commutator, together with the commutation poles, resolves the AC EMF and prevents the brushes from sparking.
It is a mechanical rectifier that converts the AC voltage developed in the armature windings into a DC voltage across the brushes. It is made of copper sheets insulated from each other by suitable insulating materials and is mounted on the shaft of the machine.
4. Whip and Bearing
Each part of a DC motor has its own job. As a commutator, it is made of semi-circular rings. It converts alternating current to pulsating direct current. There are also carbon plays, which make circuits in contact with an external power source or battery. Here we also provide magnets that rotate the rotor in a magnetic field to use or store electrical energy. It only happens when the motor is used as a generator.
5. Carbon brushes in DC motors
The brush is used to collect the charge from the armature. They must be supported by the brush holder. The yoke and bearings provide mechanical support for the DC motor's rotating armature, allowing smooth, stable motion while reducing friction. The purpose of the carbon brushes is to connect the rotary commutator and to fix the external load circuit.
It is used to reduce sparks and provide better connections.
The purpose of the drama is to secure the electrical connection between the rotating commutator and the stationary external load circuit. The brushes are made of carbon and rest on the commutator. Brush pressure is regulated by adjustable springs.
If the drama pressure is high, friction will generate heating of the commutator and brushes. On the other hand, if it is too weak, a poor contact with the commutator can cause sparks. A multi-pole machine has as many brushes as there are poles. For example, a 4 pole machine has 4 brushes. As we go around the commutator, continuous brushes have positive and negative polarities. Brushes with the same polarity are connected together, so we have two terminals, the +ve terminal and the -ve terminal.